Direction (Q. 1 - 12) : Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words are given in bold to help you to locate them while answering some of the questions.
Every technology has its positive and negative sides. It is the social process that controls the use and application of a technology which determines whether a particular technology delivers more good than bad. Unfortunately, the social process controlling the use and application of large dams has been extremely weak in India. Studies on corruption show that corrupt institutions focus much more on the "hardware" of a technology rather than on its "software".
Whether it is corruption, incompetence or plain ignorance, it is a matter of fact that the software of the vast irrigational resources created by large dams has been totally ignored, especially the dimensions of equity and sustainability. How should the water be used? What should be the cropping patterns? How should the water be shared? How are we going to deal with the problem of resettlement? Many such questions remain unaddressed in large irrigation systems built around big dams. The problem of resettlement is going to grow, if nothing else, because of population growth. A watershed that supported one lakh people will today support probably three lakh people and, in the years to come, even more. Will it be easy to resettle so many people?
Many large dams, especially in the humid regions, have not brought many benefits. Even where they have boosted agricultural production, as in the arid, semi-arid and sub humid areas, the irrigational resources, in most cases, have been cornered by the more powerful farmers to grow water intensive, but high-value, crops like rice and sugarcane, leaving many poor farmers without water.
In any case, large dams mainly benefit farmers in the plains and not farmers in the hill and mountain regions (lands being up and down), which constitute a large part of land area where a number of poor farmers live.
The ultimate problem is that even if the most optimistic projections for large dams and inter-basin transfers were to become a reality, a very substantial part of India will not get irrigation facilities. Until now, the Government has not come up with a real programmed to address the problems farmers in existing rain fed agricultural lands face. It has simply left these farmers in misery, destitution and poverty. This is where the use of the local rainfall endowment and dependence on local water harvesting, whose potential is not small, to provide not only stability but also increase productivity is critical.
1. The social process ensures
1) how to make use of the negative effects of a particular technology.
2) how to upgrade a technology for the society.
3) how to make out a particular technology more beneficial for mankind.
4) how to make a technology eco-friendly.
5) how to enhance the negative aspects of a particular technology.
2. What do you mean by the statement that corrupt institutions focus much more on the "hardware" of a technology rather than on its "software"?
1) Such institutions pay attention to the technical or machinery side of a technology rather than on its implications on mankind.
2) Such institutions think only of money-making from a technology rather than of its resjjlts.
3) Such institutions only j u d g e the upper part of a technology and not its inner part.
4) Both 2) and 3)
5) None of these
3. The issue of resettlement will get more serious with the passage of time because
1) it needs to be addressed urgently.
2) it cannot be solved in a given timeframe.
3) rio one wants to leave their native place.
4) population bears population.
5) we have no policy to tackle it.
4. Rice and sugercane are the crops which
1) put question marks on the efficiency of dams.
2) only rich farmers can grow.
3) can only be grown beside dams.
4) consume a large quantity of water.
5) are grown in the arid atmosphere.
5. Why are large dams not so successful in the hill and mountain regions?
1) because the average farmers are poor there and they cannot pay for the service
2) because of corruption in the system
3) because supplying of water through channels needs a level field
4) because it is costly to build dams in these regions
5) because the population is very scant in these regions
6. Which are the grey areas the government must look into besides building dams?
(i) providing alternate establishment to the affected
(ii) ensuring equi-distribution of water to farmers
(iii) decision on cropping patterns
(iv) incentives for the workers engaged in dams' construction
1) Only (i) and (iii) 2) Only (ii) and (iv)
3) Only (i), (ii) and (iii) 4) All of the above
5) None of these
7. Which of the following does not match with the thinking of the author?
1) The problem of resettlement of people created by building dams multiplies with the passage of time.
2) Corruption prevails in the system.
3) Dams are more beneficial in areas where the moisture in the atmosphere is maximum.
4) Dams are little successful in hill regions.
5) None of these
8. According to the author, on the whole, the dams
1) cannot bear good results in our country.
2) can only benefit the big farmers.
3) have not yielded the desired results.
4) only generate corruption.
5) are the symbol of mis governance.
9. Give a suitable title to the passage.
1) Dams as a curse on our society
2) Agriculture and monsoon
3) Misery of our farmers
4) Relevance of irrigation in agriculture
5) Need for a clear policy on dams
Direction (Q. 10 - 12) : Choose the word which is the same in meaning as the word given in bold as used in the passage.
10. DELIVERS
1) projects 2) bears 3) defines
4) directs 5) relies
Direction (Q. 11 - 12) : Choose the word which is the same in meaning as the word given in bold as used in the passage.
11. HUMID
1) hot 2) rainy 3) warm
4) moist 5) desert
12. CORNERED
1) approached 2) haunted 3) attacked
4) used 5) controlled
Direction (Q. 13 - 15) : Choose the word which is opposite in meaning of the word given in bold as used in the passage.
13. IGNORANCE
1) cognisance 2) progressive 3) empathy
4) apathy 5) learned
14. BOOSTED
1) closed 2) deserted 3) abandoned
4) raised 5) decreased
15. DESTITUTION
1) prosperity 2) confidence 3) boldness
4) upliftment 5) destiny
Direction (Q. 16 - 20) : Read each sentence to find out whether there is any error in it. The error, if any, will be in one part of the sentence. The number of that part is the answer. If there is no error, the answer is 5). (Ignore the errors of punctuation, if any.)
16. 1) India is determined /2) to defeat Pakistan /3) in the war proxy /4) it has unleashed in Kashmir. /5) No error
17. 1) As when the stranger entered /2) the town he was met by a policeman /3) who asked him /4) if he was a traveller. /5) No error
18. 1) The general told his /2) mutinous troops that /3) they had charged disgrace /4) upon a famous regiment. /5) No error
19. 1) He cautioned his sons /2) not to quarrel amongst /3) themselves when he was dead /4) but to remain united. /5) No error
20. 1) The traveller asked /2) the peasant if he could /3) tell him the way /4) to the nearest inn. /5) No error
Answer Key
| 1. | 2. | 3. | 4. | 5. | 6. | 7. | 8. | 9. | 10. |
| 3 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 2 |
| 11. | 12. | 13. | 14. | 15. | 16. | 17. | 18. | 19. | 20. |
| 4 | 5 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 |
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